Which term refers to the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity?

The term "ascites" specifically refers to the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space within the abdomen that houses the intestines, liver, and other organs. This condition often results from liver disease, heart failure, malignancy, or infection, leading to various symptoms such as abdominal distension and discomfort. The correct identification of this term is crucial in the medical field, as it helps healthcare professionals accurately diagnose and manage conditions that cause fluid buildup in the abdomen.

The other terms have distinct meanings: a hernia refers to the protrusion of an organ through the wall of the cavity that contains it, edema indicates swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues, and a hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac surrounding a testicle that can cause swelling in the scrotum. Understanding these differences helps in precise medical communication and aids in proper diagnosis and treatment.