Which term refers to diabetes caused by a deficiency of insulin?

The term that refers to diabetes caused by a deficiency of insulin is indeed diabetes mellitus. This condition is characterized by high levels of glucose in the blood due to the body's inability to produce sufficient insulin or respond properly to insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates glucose levels in the blood, facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells for energy. When there is a deficiency of insulin, it leads to an overaccumulation of glucose, which manifests as diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes insipidus, on the other hand, is unrelated to insulin deficiency and is primarily associated with problems in water balance due to a deficiency of the hormone vasopressin. Obesity is a condition that can contribute to insulin resistance but does not directly refer to a deficiency in insulin itself. Caries refers to tooth decay and is not related to diabetes at all.