Which of the following is a potential consequence of hyperglycemia?

Hyperglycemia, which is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, can lead to several adverse health effects, making "increased risk of diabetic complications" the correct choice. Sustained high blood sugar levels can damage blood vessels and nerves, leading to complications such as cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy. These complications stem from prolonged exposure to high glucose levels, which can affect various organs and systems in the body.

In contrast, weight gain is not a direct consequence of hyperglycemia but rather can be a result of insulin resistance or other metabolic issues. Enhanced insulin sensitivity would actually be a positive response in the body, occurring when the cells become more responsive to insulin, which is not a consequence of hyperglycemia. Improved metabolic rate generally refers to increased energy expenditure and is not directly linked to the state of hyperglycemia. Therefore, recognizing the hazards associated with elevated blood glucose levels is vital for managing diabetes and preventing serious health complications.