Which medical term refers to a surgery on the kidney?

The term that refers to a surgery on the kidney is "nephrostomy." This procedure involves creating an opening into the kidney to allow drainage of urine, usually performed when there is a blockage in the urinary system. Nephrostomy is closely associated with nephrology, the branch of medicine that deals with kidney function and diseases.

The other terms are unrelated to kidney surgery. Neuralgia pertains to nerve pain, nidus refers to a nest or focus of infection, and nauseant describes something that induces nausea. Understanding these definitions highlights the specificity of medical terminology and its relevance to particular bodily functions and surgical interventions.