Which genetic disorder leads to abnormally shaped red blood cells?

Sickle Cell Anemia is a genetic disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin, which is responsible for the atypical shape of red blood cells. In individuals with this condition, red blood cells become crescent-shaped or sickle-shaped, instead of the normal disc shape. This abnormal shape can lead to various complications, including blockages in blood vessels, pain episodes, and a reduced lifespan of the red blood cells, which can result in anemia.

Thalassemia and Aplastic Anemia refer to different issues related to red blood cells and hemoglobin. While Thalassemia involves an abnormality in hemoglobin production, it does not cause the distinctive sickle shape but rather leads to microcytic anemia due to reduced hemoglobin levels. Aplastic Anemia is primarily a bone marrow problem where the production of blood cells is insufficient, leading to a decreased number of red blood cells, but it is not characterized by the deformation of red blood cells. Pernicious Anemia is related to vitamin B12 deficiency and results in large, poorly formed red blood cells, but again, does not create the sickle shape associated with Sickle Cell Anemia.