Which disorder is characterized by the absence of one or more proteins needed for blood clotting?

The disorder characterized by the absence of one or more proteins needed for blood clotting is hemophilia. Hemophilia refers to a group of inherited bleeding disorders where the blood does not clot properly, leading to prolonged bleeding. This condition occurs due to deficiencies in specific clotting factors—proteins essential for blood coagulation. Individuals with hemophilia may experience spontaneous bleeding or excessive bleeding after injuries, surgeries, or other trauma because their blood lacks the ability to form clots effectively. Understanding hemophilia is crucial in medical practice, as it requires careful management to prevent severe bleeding episodes and may necessitate factor replacement therapy.

In contrast, hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the rectum or anus that can cause discomfort and bleeding but are not related to clotting factor deficiencies. Adenoma refers to a benign tumor formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue, with no connection to blood clotting. Acidosis is a condition characterized by an excess of acid in the body fluids, often related to metabolic or respiratory issues, but is unrelated to blood clotting mechanisms.