Which condition is characterized by discomfort during urination?

The condition characterized by discomfort during urination is known as dysuria. Dysuria refers specifically to pain, discomfort, or a burning sensation that occurs while urinating. This symptom can be associated with various underlying conditions such as urinary tract infections, bladder infections, or certain sexually transmitted infections.

The other terms listed do not relate to discomfort during urination. Dysplasia refers to abnormal cell growth, often in tissues, and is related to cellular misdevelopment rather than urinary symptoms. Dysentery refers to inflammation of the intestines, typically caused by infection, leading to severe diarrhea, which also does not involve urination discomfort. Lastly, diplopia is the medical term for double vision, which pertains to visual problems rather than issues with urination. Therefore, dysuria is the correct term that directly relates to the symptom described in the question.