What type of substance is "saccharin"?

Saccharin is classified as a synthetic sweetener, specifically derived from coal tar. It was first discovered in the late 19th century as a byproduct during the process of synthesizing other compounds. Its sweetness is approximately 300 to 400 times that of sucrose (table sugar), making it an effective low-calorie alternative for sweetening food and beverages.

Due to its origins from coal tar, saccharin is not a natural sugar substitute or derived from commonly known plant sources like fruits or sugarcane, which distinguishes it from the other provided options. Additionally, while flavor enhancers are used in culinary applications, saccharin's primary function is to serve as a sweetener, rather than enhancing flavor in the way other culinary additives do. Hence, option B accurately reflects the chemical origin and function of saccharin as a synthetic sweetener.