What surgical procedure involves the removal of the lining of an artery?

The procedure that entails the removal of the lining of an artery is known as endarterectomy. This surgical intervention is primarily performed to remove plaque buildup, which can cause atherosclerosis—a condition where arteries become narrowed due to fatty deposits. By excising the innermost layer of the artery, the surgery aims to restore blood flow and reduce the risk of stroke or heart attack associated with blocked arteries.

Endoscopy, while a useful procedure in examining internal organs, does not involve the arterial lining. Enucleation refers specifically to the surgical removal of an entire structure, such as an eye or a cyst, rather than the lining of an artery. Enterorrhexis is a term that describes the rupture of the intestines and is unrelated to arterial procedures. Thus, endarterectomy is the accurate term that describes the removal of the artery lining.