What is the term for the progressive loss of elasticity and structure in arteries?

The term for the progressive loss of elasticity and structure in arteries is arteriosclerosis. This condition is characterized by the thickening and hardening of the arterial walls, which can lead to reduced blood flow and increased risk of cardiovascular issues. Normal arteries are elastic and can expand and contract with the flow of blood, but with arteriosclerosis, this elasticity diminishes. Various factors, including aging, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, contribute to the development of this condition.

The other terms listed do not relate to arterial elasticity or structure. Caries refers to tooth decay, diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder related to insulin and blood sugar levels, and conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the eye's conjunctiva. Each term belongs to a different field of medicine, emphasizing that arteriosclerosis specifically pertains to vascular health.