What is the medical term for an abnormal enlargement of an artery?

The term "aneurysm" refers specifically to an abnormal enlargement or bulging of an artery due to a weakness in the arterial wall. This condition can pose significant health risks, as an aneurysm may lead to complications such as rupture or thrombosis, which can be life-threatening. Aneurysms commonly occur in major arteries, such as the aorta, and are often diagnosed through imaging techniques.

The other terms listed relate to different medical conditions. "Anemia" refers to a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin, leading to reduced oxygen transport in the body. "Anorexia" is a psychological condition characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and restrictive eating habits. "Anesthesia" pertains to the medical practice of administering medications to prevent pain during surgical procedures. Each of these terms describes distinct medical phenomena, thus highlighting the specific and accurate nature of "aneurysm" in the context of abnormal artery enlargement.