What is the key characteristic of orthostatic hypotension?

The key characteristic of orthostatic hypotension is a drop in blood pressure upon standing. This condition occurs when a person stands up after sitting or lying down, and the body fails to compensate adequately for the change in position, leading to a significant drop in blood pressure. This can result in symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or even fainting due to decreased blood flow to the brain.

The underlying mechanism involves the autonomic nervous system, which normally helps maintain blood pressure when standing by constricting blood vessels and increasing heart rate. However, in orthostatic hypotension, this response is impaired, leading to the characteristic decrease in blood pressure. Recognizing this drop is crucial for diagnosing and managing the condition effectively.