What is "galactorrhea" characterized by?

Galactorrhea is characterized by the production of breast milk in individuals who are not breastfeeding, which is the correct choice. This condition can occur in both women and men and is often related to hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated levels of prolactin, a hormone that stimulates milk production. In non-breastfeeding women, this abnormal milk production can result from various causes such as pituitary tumors, certain medications, or thyroid issues.

The other options do not accurately describe galactorrhea. A decrease in breast milk production is not applicable, as galactorrhea involves an increase rather than a decrease. A painful condition in the breasts may occur due to various reasons but does not define galactorrhea itself. Lastly, while breast cancer is a serious condition that can affect breast tissue, it is not characterized by galactorrhea, as that specifically refers to the unintended secretion of milk. Thus, the defining characteristic of galactorrhea is indeed the production of breast milk in women who are not actively breastfeeding.