What is a common result of chronic anorexia?

Chronic anorexia is primarily characterized by a prolonged restriction of food intake, leading to significant loss of weight and malnutrition. The body requires a certain amount of nutrients and calories to function properly; when these needs are not met, the individual may experience severe health consequences.

Malnutrition can affect nearly every organ system and can lead to complications such as weakened immunity, muscle wasting, and issues with organ function. The weight loss resulting from chronic anorexia is often drastic and may also accompany electrolyte imbalances and other serious health issues, emphasizing the critical need for adequate nutrition.

The other options center around conditions or symptoms that are not typically direct results of chronic anorexia. For example, inability to swallow might relate more to anatomical changes or other medical conditions rather than being a direct consequence of starving oneself. Muscle spasms can be caused by various factors, including dehydration or electrolyte imbalances, but they do not directly classify as a hallmark of chronic anorexia. Lastly, the absence of pathogens does not pertain to anorexia and is not relevant to the consequences of insufficient nutritional intake.

Thus, the correct choice highlights the most significant and direct impact of chronic anorexia: the profound loss of weight and the subsequent malnutrition that ensues.