What field of medicine does proctology specialize in?

Proctology is a specialized field of medicine that focuses on diagnosing and treating conditions related to the colon, rectum, and anus. This includes various disorders such as hemorrhoids, anal fissures, rectal prolapse, and colorectal cancer. Proctologists are skilled in performing examinations and surgical procedures specific to these areas, making option C the correct choice.

The other options pertain to entirely different fields of medicine. Cardiovascular diseases focus on the heart and blood vessels, dermatology deals with skin-related conditions, and neurology specializes in disorders of the nervous system. Each of these fields represents a unique area of focus within medicine, distinct from the specialties addressed by proctology.