What does the term "hemorrhage" refer to in medical terminology?

The term "hemorrhage" specifically refers to the escape of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, which is accurately described as the "bursting forth of blood." This can occur externally, such as through a wound, or internally, within areas of the body. Understanding this term is crucial in medical settings, as it indicates a potentially serious condition that requires immediate attention to prevent significant blood loss and related complications.

Each of the other options pertains to different medical conditions or concepts that do not involve the action of blood escaping from the circulatory system. Increased urine output relates to renal function and hydration status, eating disorders focus on psychological and nutritional aspects, and inflammation of the gallbladder specifically describes a disease process affecting that organ. Therefore, option D is the correct choice based on its precise definition within medical terminology.