What does myelomeningocele involve?

Myelomeningocele is a type of spina bifida, a congenital defect characterized by an incomplete closure of the spinal column during fetal development. The term specifically refers to the protrusion of both the spinal cord and its surrounding membranes through an opening in the vertebral column. This condition results in various neurological deficits because the exposed spinal cord can be damaged, leading to impairments in motor and sensory function depending on the level of the protrusion and the degree of nerve involvement.

The involvement of the spinal cord along with the membranes makes this condition particularly serious, as nerve tissue can be exposed to the environment, which may result in infection and further neurological complications. Most individuals with myelomeningocele experience some degree of paralysis and loss of sensation below the affected area of the spine depending on how severe the defect is.

In contrast, the other options relate to different medical conditions or outcomes. While partial paralysis can be associated with myelomeningocele, it does not specify the structural aspect of the defect itself, which is central to understanding what myelomeningocele entails. Complete closure of the spinal canal is contrary to the definition of myelomeningocele, which indicates an incomplete closure. Fluid accumulation, while it can occur in various conditions