What does meningomyelocele refer to?

Meningomyelocele is a medical term that specifically describes a type of spina bifida, which is a congenital condition. In this condition, there is a defect in the spinal column that allows both the spinal cord and the protective membranes (meninges) to protrude through the opening. This results in a herniation of both neural tissue and its coverings, leading to potential neurological impairment and physical disabilities depending on the level of the spinal defect.

The terminology used in "meningomyelocele" breaks down into three parts: "meningo-" refers to the meninges, "myelo-" refers to the spinal cord (from the Greek "myelos"), and "-cele" indicates a herniation or protrusion. This precise combination of components clearly conveys that the structure affected is both the spinal cord and its surrounding membranes.

Other conditions mentioned in the incorrect options involve different anatomical locations and types of hernias that do not relate to the spinal column or the components involved in meningomyelocele. This makes option B the only accurate description of this specific medical condition.