What does ketosis refer to in medical terms?

Ketosis refers specifically to the state in which there is an accumulation of ketone bodies in the body, primarily due to the incomplete metabolism of fatty acids. This condition typically occurs when carbohydrate intake is very low, leading the body to break down fats for energy instead. During this process, the liver converts fatty acids into ketones, which serve as an alternative energy source.

In a state of ketosis, ketone bodies are released into the bloodstream, where they can be utilized by various tissues, including the brain, as a fuel source. This metabolic pathway is essential, especially in scenarios such as prolonged fasting or adherence to a ketogenic diet, where the body must rely on fat stores for energy in the absence of sufficient carbohydrates.

Understanding ketosis is important in clinical settings, particularly for managing diabetes or metabolic disorders. It indicates a shift from glucose metabolism to fat metabolism, illustrating the body's adaptability in various nutritional states.