What does it mean if a material is biodegradable?

A material that is classified as biodegradable is one that can be decomposed by bacteria and other biological processes. This means that over time, microorganisms break down the material into natural substances, such as carbon dioxide, water, and biomass, effectively returning it to the environment. This process is crucial for reducing waste and minimizing environmental impact, as it allows organic materials to be recycled naturally without leaving harmful residues.

In contrast, options such as polluting the environment or lasting indefinitely without degrading describe the behaviors of non-biodegradable materials, which remain in the environment for extended periods and can contribute to pollution. Similarly, resistance to natural decomposition suggests a lack of degradability, which is the opposite of what biodegradability represents. The key aspect of biodegradability lies in the ability of materials to be safely and effectively broken down by natural processes, promoting a healthier ecosystem.