What does it mean if a patient has hematuria?

Hematuria refers specifically to the presence of blood in a patient's urine, which can be a sign of various underlying medical conditions. This condition may result from issues within the urinary tract, including infections, kidney stones, or more serious conditions such as tumors, but the defining characteristic is the presence of blood. Understanding hematuria is crucial in medical practice as it guides further diagnostic evaluation to uncover the underlying cause and necessary treatment. The other options relate to different medical conditions and symptoms, making them irrelevant in the context of hematuria.