What does incontinence refer to?

Incontinence specifically refers to the inability to control urination or defecation, which leads to involuntary leakage of urine or fecal matter. This condition can result from various factors, including muscle or nerve damage, illness, or muscle weakness. Understanding this definition is crucial for identifying the challenges faced by individuals suffering from incontinence and informing appropriate medical interventions.

The other options touch on related concepts but do not define incontinence accurately. The retention of urine, for instance, is the opposite of incontinence. Age-related conditions may involve incontinence, but not exclusively, as there are various causes across different age groups. Excessive fluid retention does not pertain to incontinence, as it implies holding on to fluid rather than the inability to control its release.