What does circumduction refer to?

Circumduction specifically refers to a circular motion of a limb, where the distal end of the limb moves in a circular path while the proximal end remains stationary. This movement allows for a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. It is commonly seen in ball-and-socket joints, such as the shoulder or hip, enabling a wide range of motion.

Understanding circumduction can help in various medical and physical contexts, such as rehabilitation exercises or understanding joint mechanics. The other options describe different types of movements: a straight movement of the limb, lateral movements, and flexion, which are distinct from the circular motion that characterizes circumduction.