What condition refers to inflammation of kidney nephrons and pelvis?

The condition that refers to inflammation of the kidney nephrons and pelvis is pyelonephritis. This term specifically denotes an infection that typically originates in the lower urinary tract, leading to the inflammation of the renal pelvis and the nephrons, which are the functional units of the kidney. Pyelonephritis can arise as a result of ascending urinary tract infections, where bacteria travel up from the bladder into the kidneys.

Understanding the terminology is important as it helps accurately describe and diagnose kidney-related health issues. Other terms in the choices, such as cystitis, refer specifically to inflammation of the bladder, while glomerulonephritis pertains to inflammation of the glomeruli, the filtering units within the nephrons. Nephropathy is a broader term that can refer to any kidney disease but does not specifically indicate inflammation of the nephrons and pelvis. Recognizing these distinctions in medical terminology is essential for proper understanding and communication in healthcare settings.