What condition does 'retinopathy' describe?

Retinopathy specifically refers to a disease or damage affecting the retina, which is the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye responsible for converting light into neural signals for vision. Conditions classified as retinopathy typically involve issues that impair the function of the retina, such as diabetic retinopathy or hypertensive retinopathy. These conditions can lead to vision problems or even blindness if not managed properly.

The other options focus on different components of the eye or unrelated conditions. For example, diseases of the cornea pertain to issues with the exterior layer of the eye, infections would imply a microbial invasion affecting the retina rather than a disease process, and conditions affecting the optic nerve can involve different neurological conditions distinct from retinopathy. Hence, the correct answer accurately captures the specific nature of retinopathy.