What condition does chloasma refer to?

Chloasma, also known as melasma, specifically refers to an increase in pigmentation that results in the formation of yellowish-brown patches on the skin, commonly on the face. This condition is often associated with hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, and in some individuals due to sun exposure. The term derives from the Greek word "chloasma," meaning "greenish," but in modern usage, it is understood to refer to the noticeable discoloration characteristic of the condition.

On the other hand, inflammation of the skin encompasses various dermatological conditions that do not specifically relate to the pigmentation changes seen in chloasma. An infection on the scalp is a distinct medical issue often referred to as tinea capitis or another type of superficial infection that is unrelated to pigment changes. Lastly, skin cancer encompasses various malignant conditions affecting the skin but does not relate to the pigmentary patterns or hormonal associations characteristic of chloasma. Understanding these distinctions helps reinforce the recognition of chloasma as a uniquely defined condition related to skin pigmentation.