The property of fluorescence is most commonly observed in which type of radiation?

Fluorescence is the property observed when certain materials absorb light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation and then re-emit it at a different wavelength. The type of radiation most closely associated with fluorescence is ultraviolet radiation. When materials are exposed to ultraviolet light, they often absorb this energy and then emit it as visible light, resulting in the characteristic glow associated with fluorescent substances. This phenomenon is widely utilized in various applications, including fluorescent lighting, biological markers, and certain types of displays.

The other forms of radiation listed, such as X-rays, infrared radiation, and gamma radiation, generally do not produce fluorescence in the same way. While X-rays and gamma rays can interact with matter in other ways, they do not typically lead to the re-emission of visible light after absorption. Infrared radiation, on the other hand, tends to involve thermal emission and does not induce the same fluorescence effect that ultraviolet radiation does. Thus, ultraviolet radiation is the clear choice for the property of fluorescence.