During which medical procedure might a doctor use a scope to observe urination?

The correct answer is cystoscopy. This procedure specifically involves the use of a cystoscope—a thin, tube-like instrument equipped with a camera and light—to directly visualize the bladder and urethra. During cystoscopy, a doctor can observe the inside of the urinary tract, which allows for diagnosis of conditions related to urination, such as urinary tract infections, bladder stones, and other abnormalities.

The other options involve different methods of testing or examination that don't utilize a scope in the same manner. Urinalysis is a laboratory analysis of urine but does not involve direct observation with a scope. Voiding cystourethrography is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to visualize the bladder and urethra while urinating but does not involve a scope. Colonoscopy, on the other hand, is a procedure that examines the colon and rectum with a scope, which is unrelated to observing urination.